I love, love, love this piece and there are so many things you could do with it. Personally, I would play off the gold and the rich orangey color and paint the walls black. The blackest black you can find, in a matte finish. The black will really make the dresser color stand out.

As for floor tile, I would go with a dark slate in a charcoal gray.

I applaud your decision to use it..but I will admit that I wish you weren't drilling into the top. It's really, realy gorgeous as is.

I'd suggest slate tile as well - it comes in all different colors from almost black to browns and golds which would look nice with the bronze accents. For the walls, I would pick up one of the colors from the floor and paint in that color to keep it from getting too busy. The color should contrast with the dresser, so it would either have to be pretty light or pretty dark.

It seems to have a lot of reddish tones so I would put up a wallpaper with a rich orange/red pattern. I was flipping through a wallpaper book at a store here just last night and I saw one that I would happily pair with your dresser.
With that, I would install a light coloured floor, perhaps something along the lines of travertine, in order not to overwhelm the room.

I think you should go dark and bold with the walls or the floor -- but not both! You want some contrast with that gorgeous dresser. (Love the idea of the black granite top, btw.) The suggestions for the slate tile sound good to me, though I'd go for a design that has a more vintage feel rather than something stark and contemporary. Then something lighter on the top. If the slate tile plays more with the coolness of the black granite top, then I'd go with a lighter, warmer shade of paint and/or wallpaper on the walls. And my gut says go for paint -- in a really small space, I think you need to choose one powerful focal point, and you want it to be this dresser/vanity, not the walls.

I would go with a cool gray wall, maybe even a pale blue. I think the warm color of the vanity would really pop against it without competing with it. It will become the visual focus of the room, which is what you'd want. I also like the idea of slate tile. I saw an apartment recently that had these tiles that looked like wood but were ceramic or porcelain. Really nice look, that could look good with this.

Nice dresser. I like combining old and new.

Here's what I would do. Black and white tile floor in a traditional pattern. There have been lots of AT posts on this kind of tile- here's one. I think it has a nice modern yet traditional feel. http://www.apartmenttherapy.com/always-a-classi-146891

For the walls, some kind of black and white graphic wallpaper, or maybe a wall sized old map of Paris, and maybe just on one wall with white or cream on the others. A quite ornate looking mirror surround with sconces on either size (much more flattering light than overhead light).

Alternatively, narrow black and white stripes on the walls and over the sink, a round mirror surrounded with Fornasetti plates as a little joke (people look in the mirror and see their face and the faces on the plates at the same time.)

It's chinoiserie, so I would go with that, full bore. Look up Osbourne and Little Summer Palace wallpaper. They do a cinnabar red color way that would work with your bronze fixture and black counter.

Actually, the black granite top is going to throw the antique look out of kilter. It'd suggest finding a black marble slab with decks or veins of gold.

You could go with grey penny tile on the floor. It would be in the same tonal family as slate with a more vintage mosaic, bath house kind of feel. If you put it in your bedroom or living room, what color would the walls be? Think about how you would style it in another room and let that inspire how you use it in the bathroom. The whole point of using a dresser as a vanity is to make it feel like a piece of furniture instead of a built in cabinet, so treat it (kind of) like you would treat it in another room.

You know, I really like the look of the lighter wood floor beneath it in the picture. As this is a pocket bath (half bath, no tub or shower, yes?), why not go with wood in that shade? You don't have to worry as much about water damage in a half bath, and the wood can look vintage -- or be updated to a more modern look later if you so desire. I agree with the suggestion above about finding black marble instead of black granite for a more period look, and with a pale, light floor, you could go with either a bold Asian-influenced wallpaper or paint in pale grey.